Programming Links
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I notice certain web sites have bugs in the web design like daily grail. i offer the daily grail the solution since i knew where the problem was after hearing the problems they were experiencing- the problem is with design and certain characters in a character-set.
special care should be handled to make sure only the characters you want enter your db and that get process in your various applications. if not you can expect weird things to happen - like lost of data - getted booted out etc events for data validation are needed in front end as keys entered. even transfering data to various platforms special care must be taken if you wish to keep these characters. even reading these from certain type of files from clients need special care if these characters are embedded in the file eg is name field and it has - JOHNnullSMITH - I have seen so much garbage you wouldnt believe it- but in the end it maded me a better problem solver. ok heres one example of a character set of 128 characters (0 to 127) so remember the characters on the keyboard have a numeric value, and entering - sometimes a combination of keys at same time give a value eg shift-a.
7-BIT Printable ASCII Characters(which includes - spaces -letters-etc)range from numeral decimal 32 to numerical decimal value 126 7-BIT ASCII Device Control Characters (non printable characters) ASCII device control characters were originally designed to control hardware devices like printers and vaious drives - disk tape. range from numeral decimal 0 to 31 and 127 these characters which need special consideration when i saw the post i just wanted to test your front end because i knew it where the problem was so i entered numeric value decimal 23 in textbox area of replying a post and sure enough it booted me off from ENTIRE the webpage and my whole post losted. and true some of these keys shouldnt be entered - but keys stick - - accidents happen - and always best to make app - bullet proof - nulls to can be also generated at times when you dont want them after the user has posted but im pretty sure you looked at that already and that variables handled property. but the main thing is data validation up front with events and insure you arent getting these wierd characters entered if you dont want them and and so users dont get the boot or lose data.
ASCII = American National Standard Code for Information Interchange
Coded Character Set - 7-Bit American National Standard Code for Information Interchange
Additional Controls for use with American National Standard Code for Information Interchange
EBCDIC = Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
IBM's 8-bit extension of the 4-bit Binary Coded Decimal encoding of digits 0-9 (0000-1001).
Dec Hex ASCII EBCDIC 0 00 NUL Null NUL Null 1 01 SOH Start of Heading (CC) SOH Start of Heading 2 02 STX Start of Text (CC) STX Start of Text 3 03 ETX End of Text (CC) ETX End of Text 4 04 EOT End of Transmission (CC) PF Punch Off 5 05 ENQ Enquiry (CC) HT Horizontal Tab 6 06 ACK Acknowledge (CC) LC Lower Case 7 07 BEL Bell DEL Delete 8 08 BS Backspace (FE) 9 09 HT Horizontal Tabulation (FE) 10 0A LF Line Feed (FE) SMM Start of Manual Message 11 0B VT Vertical Tabulation (FE) VT Vertical Tab 12 0C FF Form Feed (FE) FF Form Feed 13 0D CR Carriage Return (FE) CR Carriage Return 14 0E SO Shift Out SO Shift Out 15 0F SI Shift In SI Shift In 16 10 DLE Data Link Escape (CC) DLE Data Link Escape 17 11 DC1 Device Control 1 DC1 Device Control 1 18 12 DC2 Device Control 2 DC2 Device Control 2 19 13 DC3 Device Control 3 TM Tape Mark 20 14 DC4 Device Control 4 RES Restore 21 15 NAK Negative Acknowledge (CC) NL New Line 22 16 SYN Synchronous Idle (CC) BS Backspace 23 17 ETB End of Transmission Block (CC) IL Idle 24 18 CAN Cancel CAN Cancel 25 19 EM End of Medium EM End of Medium 26 1A SUB Substitute CC Cursor Control 27 1B ESC Escape CU1 Customer Use 1 28 1C FS File Separator (IS) IFS Interchange File Separator 29 1D GS Group Separator (IS) IGS Interchange Group Separator 30 1E RS Record Separator (IS) IRS Interchange Record Separator 31 1F US Unit Separator (IS) IUS Interchange Unit Separator 32 20 SP Space DS Digit Select 33 21 ! Exclamation Point SOS Start of Significance 34 22 " Quotation Mark FS Field Separator 35 23 # Number Sign, Octothorpe, "pound" 36 24 $ Dollar Sign BYP Bypass 37 25 % Percent LF Line Feed 38 26 & Ampersand ETB End of Transmission Block 39 27 ' Apostrophe, Prime ESC Escape 40 28 ( Left Parenthesis 41 29 ) Right Parenthesis 42 2A * Asterisk, "star" SM Set Mode 43 2B + Plus Sign CU2 Customer Use 2 44 2C , Comma 45 2D - Hyphen, Minus Sign ENQ Enquiry 46 2E . Period, Decimal Point, "dot" ACK Acknowledge 47 2F / Slash, Virgule BEL Bell 48 30 0 0 49 31 1 1 50 32 2 2 SYN Synchronous Idle 51 33 3 3 52 34 4 4 PN Punch On 53 35 5 5 RS Reader Stop 54 36 6 6 UC Upper Case 55 37 7 7 EOT End of Transmission 56 38 8 8 57 39 9 9 58 3A : Colon 59 3B ; Semicolon CU3 Customer Use 3 60 3C < Less-than Sign DC4 Device Control 4 61 3D = Equal Sign NAK Negative Acknowledge 62 3E > Greater-than Sign 63 3F ? Question Mark SUB Substitute 64 40 @ At Sign SP Space 65 41 A A 66 42 B B 67 43 C C 68 44 D D 69 45 E E 70 46 F F 71 47 G G 72 48 H H 73 49 I I 74 4A J J ¢ Cent Sign 75 4B K K . Period, Decimal Point, "dot" 76 4C L L < Less-than Sign 77 4D M M ( Left Parenthesis 78 4E N N + Plus Sign 79 4F O O | Logical OR 80 50 P P & Ampersand 81 51 Q Q 82 52 R R 83 53 S S 84 54 T T 85 55 U U 86 56 V V 87 57 W W 88 58 X X 89 59 Y Y 90 5A Z Z ! Exclamation Point 91 5B [ Opening Bracket $ Dollar Sign 92 5C \ Reverse Slant * Asterisk, "star" 93 5D ] Closing Bracket ) Right Parenthesis 94 5E ^ Circumflex, Caret ; Semicolon 95 5F _ Underline, Underscore ¬ Logical NOT 96 60 ` Grave Accent - Hyphen, Minus Sign 97 61 a a / Slash, Virgule 98 62 b b 99 63 c c 100 64 d d 101 65 e e 102 66 f f 103 67 g g 104 68 h h 105 69 i i 106 6A j j 107 6B k k , Comma 108 6C l l % Percent 109 6D m m _ Underline, Underscore 110 6E n n > Greater-than Sign 111 6F o o ? Question Mark 112 70 p p 113 71 q q 114 72 r r 115 73 s s 116 74 t t 117 75 u u 118 76 v v 119 77 w w 120 78 x x 121 79 y y 122 7A z z : Colon 123 7B { Opening Brace # Number Sign, Octothorp, "pound" 124 7C | Vertical Line @ At Sign 125 7D } Closing Brace ' Apostrophe, Prime 126 7E ~ Tilde = Equal Sign 127 7F DEL Delete " Quotation Mark 128 80 Reserved 129 81 Reserved a a 130 82 Reserved b b 131 83 Reserved c c 132 84 IND Index (FE) d d 133 85 NEL Next Line (FE) e e 134 86 SSA Start of Selected Area f f 135 87 ESA End of Selected Area g g 136 88 HTS Horizontal Tabulation Set (FE) h h 137 89 HTJ Horizontal Tabulation with Justification (FE) i i 138 8A VTS Vertical Tabulation Set (FE) 139 8B PLD Partial Line Down (FE) 140 8C PLU Partial Line Up (FE) 141 8D RI Reverse Index (FE) 142 8E SS2 Single Shift Two (1) 143 8F SS3 Single Shift Three (1) 144 90 DCS Device Control String (2) 145 91 PU1 Private Use One j j 146 92 PU2 Private Use Two k k 147 93 STS Set Transmit State l l 148 94 CCH Cancel Character m m 149 95 MW Message Waiting n n 150 96 SPA Start of Protected Area o o 151 97 EPA End of Protected Area p p 152 98 Reserved q q 153 99 Reserved r r 154 9A Reserved 155 9B CSI Control Sequence Introducer (1) 156 9C ST String Terminator (2) 157 9D OSC Operating System Command (2) 158 9E PM Privacy Message (2) 159 9F APC Application Program Command (2) 160 A0 161 A1 162 A2 s s 163 A3 t t 164 A4 u u 165 A5 v v 166 A6 w w 167 A7 x x 168 A8 y y 169 A9 z z 170 AA 171 AB 172 AC 173 AD 174 AE 175 AF 176 B0 177 B1 178 B2 179 B3 180 B4 181 B5 182 B6 183 B7 184 B8 185 B9 ` Grave Accent 186 BA 187 BB 188 BC 189 BD 190 BE 191 BF 192 C0 193 C1 A A 194 C2 B B 195 C3 C C 196 C4 D D 197 C5 E E 198 C6 F F 199 C7 G G 200 C8 H H 201 C9 I I 202 CA 203 CB 204 CC 205 CD 206 CE 207 CF 208 D0 209 D1 J J 210 D2 K K 211 D3 L L 212 D4 M M 213 D5 N N 214 D6 O O 215 D7 P P 216 D8 Q Q 217 D9 R R 218 DA 219 DB 220 DC 221 DD 222 DE 223 DF 224 E0 225 E1 226 E2 S S 227 E3 T T 228 E4 U U 229 E5 V V 230 E6 W W 231 E7 X X 232 E8 Y Y 233 E9 Z Z 234 EA 235 EB 236 EC 237 ED 238 EE 239 EF 240 F0 0 0 241 F1 1 1 242 F2 2 2 243 F3 3 3 244 F4 4 4 245 F5 5 5 246 F6 6 6 247 F7 7 7 248 F8 8 8 249 F9 9 9 250 FA 251 FB 252 FC 253 FD 254 FE 255 FF
HTML 7-BIT ASCII Reference
HTML and XHTML uses standard 7-BIT ASCII when transmitting data over the Web.
7-BIT ASCII represents 128 different character values (0-127).
7-BIT Printable ASCII Characters
Result Description Entity Number space   ! exclamation mark ! " quotation mark " # number sign # $ dollar sign $ % percent sign % & ampersand & ' apostrophe ' ( left parenthesis ( ) right parenthesis ) * asterisk * + plus sign + , comma , - hyphen - . period . / slash / 0 digit 0 0 1 digit 1 1 2 digit 2 2 3 digit 3 3 4 digit 4 4 5 digit 5 5 6 digit 6 6 7 digit 7 7 8 digit 8 8 9 digit 9 9 : colon : ; semicolon ; < less-than < = equals-to = > greater-than > ? question mark ? @ at sign @ A uppercase A A B uppercase B B C uppercase C C D uppercase D D E uppercase E E F uppercase F F G uppercase G G H uppercase H H I uppercase I I J uppercase J J K uppercase K K L uppercase L L M uppercase M M N uppercase N N O uppercase O O P uppercase P P Q uppercase Q Q R uppercase R R S uppercase S S T uppercase T T U uppercase U U V uppercase V V W uppercase W W X uppercase X X Y uppercase Y Y Z uppercase Z Z [ left square bracket [ \ backslash \ ] right square bracket ] ^ caret ^ _ underscore _ ` grave accent ` a lowercase a a b lowercase b b c lowercase c c d lowercase d d e lowercase e e f lowercase f f g lowercase g g h lowercase h h i lowercase i i j lowercase j j k lowercase k k l lowercase l l m lowercase m m n lowercase n n o lowercase o o p lowercase p p q lowercase q q r lowercase r r s lowercase s s t lowercase t t u lowercase u u v lowercase v v w lowercase w w x lowercase x x y lowercase y y z lowercase z z { left curly brace { | vertical bar | } right curly brace } ~ tilde ~
7-BIT ASCII Device Control Characters
ASCII device control characters were originally designed to control hardware devices like printers and tape drives. These characters have nothing to do inside any HTML document.
Result Description Entity Number NUL null character � SOH start of header  STX start of text  ETX end of text  EOT end of transmission  ENQ enquiry  ACK acknowledge  BEL bell (ring)  BS backspace  HT horizontal tab 	 LF line feed VT vertical tab  FF form feed  CR carriage return SO shift out  SI shift in  DLE data link escape  DC1 device control 1  DC2 device control 2  DC3 device control 3  DC4 device control 4  NAK negative acknowledge  SYN synchronize  ETB end transmission block  CAN cancel  EM end of medium  SUB substitute  ESC escape  FS file separator  GS group separator  RS record separator  US unit separator  DEL delete (rubout) 
HTML 4.01 supports the ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character set.
The lower part of ISO-8859-1 (codes from 0-127) is the original 7-BIT ASCII standard.
Most of these characters can be used without a character reference.
codes 128-255 is EXTENDED ASCII
The higher part of ISO-8859-1 (codes from 160-255)
can all be used using character entity names.
Note that the entity names are case sensitive.
ASCII Entities with new Entity Names
Result Description Entity Name Entity Number " quotation mark " " ' apostrophe ' (does not work in IE) ' & ampersand & & < less-than < < > greater-than > > ISO 8859-1 Symbol Entities
Result Description Entity Name Entity Number non-breaking space   ¡ inverted exclamation mark ¡ ¡ ¤ currency ¤ ¤ ¢ cent ¢ ¢ £ pound £ £ ¥ yen ¥ ¥ ¦ broken vertical bar ¦ ¦ § section § § ¨ spacing diaeresis ¨ ¨ © copyright © © ª feminine ordinal indicator ª ª « angle quotation mark (left) « « ¬ negation ¬ ¬ soft hyphen ­ ­ ® registered trademark ® ® ™ trademark ™ ™ ¯ spacing macron ¯ ¯ ° degree ° ° ± plus-or-minus ± ± ² superscript 2 ² ² ³ superscript 3 ³ ³ ´ spacing acute ´ ´ µ micro µ µ ¶ paragraph ¶ ¶ · middle dot · · ¸ spacing cedilla ¸ ¸ ¹ superscript 1 ¹ ¹ º masculine ordinal indicator º º » angle quotation mark (right) » » ¼ fraction 1/4 ¼ ¼ ½ fraction 1/2 ½ ½ ¾ fraction 3/4 ¾ ¾ ¿ inverted question mark ¿ ¿ × multiplication × × ÷ division ÷ ÷
ISO 8859-1 Character Entities
Result Description Entity Name Entity Number À capital a, grave accent À À Á capital a, acute accent Á Á  capital a, circumflex accent   à capital a, tilde Ã Ã Ä capital a, umlaut mark Ä Ä Å capital a, ring Å Å Æ capital ae Æ Æ Ç capital c, cedilla Ç Ç È capital e, grave accent È È É capital e, acute accent É É Ê capital e, circumflex accent Ê Ê Ë capital e, umlaut mark Ë Ë Ì capital i, grave accent Ì Ì Í capital i, acute accent Í Í Î capital i, circumflex accent Î Î Ï capital i, umlaut mark Ï Ï Ð capital eth, Icelandic Ð Ð Ñ capital n, tilde Ñ Ñ Ò capital o, grave accent Ò Ò Ó capital o, acute accent Ó Ó Ô capital o, circumflex accent Ô Ô Õ capital o, tilde Õ Õ Ö capital o, umlaut mark Ö Ö Ø capital o, slash Ø Ø Ù capital u, grave accent Ù Ù Ú capital u, acute accent Ú Ú Û capital u, circumflex accent Û Û Ü capital u, umlaut mark Ü Ü Ý capital y, acute accent Ý Ý Þ capital THORN, Icelandic Þ Þ ß small sharp s, German ß ß à small a, grave accent à à á small a, acute accent á á â small a, circumflex accent â â ã small a, tilde ã ã ä small a, umlaut mark ä ä å small a, ring å å æ small ae æ æ ç small c, cedilla ç ç è small e, grave accent è è é small e, acute accent é é ê small e, circumflex accent ê ê ë small e, umlaut mark ë ë ì small i, grave accent ì ì í small i, acute accent í í î small i, circumflex accent î î ï small i, umlaut mark ï ï ð small eth, Icelandic ð ð ñ small n, tilde ñ ñ ò small o, grave accent ò ò ó small o, acute accent ó ó ô small o, circumflex accent ô ô õ small o, tilde õ õ ö small o, umlaut mark ö ö ø small o, slash ø ø ù small u, grave accent ù ù ú small u, acute accent ú ú û small u, circumflex accent û û ü small u, umlaut mark ü ü ý small y, acute accent ý ý þ small thorn, Icelandic þ þ ÿ small y, umlaut mark ÿ ÿ Some Other Entities supported by HTML
Result Description Entity Name Entity Number Œ capital ligature OE Œ Œ œ small ligature oe œ œ Š capital S with caron Š Š š small S with caron š š Ÿ capital Y with diaeres Ÿ Ÿ ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent ˆ ˆ ˜ small tilde ˜ ˜ en space     em space     thin space     zero width non-joiner ‌ ‌ zero width joiner ‍ ‍ left-to-right mark ‎ ‎ right-to-left mark ‏ ‏ – en dash – – — em dash — — ‘ left single quotation mark ‘ ‘ ’ right single quotation mark ’ ’ ‚ single low-9 quotation mark ‚ ‚ “ left double quotation mark “ “ ” right double quotation mark ” ” „ double low-9 quotation mark „ „ † dagger † † ‡ double dagger ‡ ‡ … horizontal ellipsis … … ‰ per mille ‰ ‰ ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation ‹ ‹ › single right-pointing angle quotation › › € euro € €
HTML URL-encoding Reference
Below is a reference of ASCII characters in URL-encoding form (hexadecimal format).
Hexadecimal values can be used to display non-standard letters and
characters in browsers and plug-ins.
ASCII values below
This
is
a
example
URL-encoding to
This%0D%0Ais%0D%0Aa%0D%0Aexample%0D%0A
URL-encoding from %00 to %8f
ASCII Value URL-encode ASCII Value URL-encode ASCII Value URL-encode æ %00 0 %30 ` %60 %01 1 %31 a %61 %02 2 %32 b %62 %03 3 %33 c %63 %04 4 %34 d %64 %05 5 %35 e %65 %06 6 %36 f %66 %07 7 %37 g %67 backspace %08 8 %38 h %68 tab %09 9 %39 i %69 linefeed %0a : %3a j %6a %0b ; %3b k %6b %0c < %3c l %6c c return %0d = %3d m %6d %0e > %3e n %6e %0f ? %3f o %6f %10 @ %40 p %70 %11 A %41 q %71 %12 B %42 r %72 %13 C %43 s %73 %14 D %44 t %74 %15 E %45 u %75 %16 F %46 v %76 %17 G %47 w %77 %18 H %48 x %78 %19 I %49 y %79 %1a J %4a z %7a %1b K %4b { %7b %1c L %4c | %7c %1d M %4d } %7d %1e N %4e ~ %7e %1f O %4f %7f space %20 P %50 € %80 ! %21 Q %51 %81 " %22 R %52 ‚ %82 # %23 S %53 ƒ %83 $ %24 T %54 „ %84 % %25 U %55 … %85 & %26 V %56 † %86 ' %27 W %57 ‡ %87 ( %28 X %58 ˆ %88 ) %29 Y %59 ‰ %89 * %2a Z %5a Š %8a + %2b [ %5b ‹ %8b , %2c \ %5c Œ %8c - %2d ] %5d %8d . %2e ^ %5e Ž %8e / %2f _ %5f %8f URL-encoding from %90 to %ff
ASCII Value URL-encode ASCII Value URL-encode ASCII Value URL-encode %90 À %c0 ð %f0 ‘ %91 Á %c1 ñ %f1 ’ %92  %c2 ò %f2 “ %93 à %c3 ó %f3 ” %94 Ä %c4 ô %f4 • %95 Å %c5 õ %f5 – %96 Æ %c6 ö %f6 — %97 Ç %c7 ÷ %f7 ˜ %98 È %c8 ø %f8 ™ %99 É %c9 ù %f9 š %9a Ê %ca ú %fa › %9b Ë %cb û %fb œ %9c Ì %cc ü %fc %9d Í %cd ý %fd ž %9e Î %ce þ %fe Ÿ %9f Ï %cf ÿ %ff %a0 Ð %d0 ¡ %a1 Ñ %d1 ¢ %a2 Ò %d2 £ %a3 Ó %d3 %a4 Ô %d4 ¥ %a5 Õ %d5 | %a6 Ö %d6 § %a7 %d7 ¨ %a8 Ø %d8 © %a9 Ù %d9 ª %aa Ú %da « %ab Û %db ¬ %ac Ü %dc ¯ %ad Ý %dd ® %ae Þ %de ¯ %af ß %df ° %b0 à %e0 ± %b1 á %e1 ² %b2 â %e2 ³ %b3 ã %e3 ´ %b4 ä %e4 µ %b5 å %e5 ¶ %b6 æ %e6 · %b7 ç %e7 ¸ %b8 è %e8 ¹ %b9 é %e9 º %ba ê %ea » %bb ë %eb ¼ %bc ì %ec ½ %bd í %ed ¾ %be î %ee ¿ %bf ï %ef
HTML Standard Attributes
HTML tags can have attributes. The special attributes for each tag are listed under each tag description. The attributes listed here are the core and language attributes that are standard for all tags (with a few exceptions).
Core Attributes
Not valid in base, head, html, meta, param, script, style, and title elements.
Attribute Value Description class class_rule or style_rule The class of the element id id_name A unique id for the element style style_definition An inline style definition title tooltip_text A text to display in a tool tip
Language Attributes
Not valid in base, br, frame, frameset, hr, iframe, param, and script elements.
Attribute Value Description dir ltr | rtl Sets the text direction lang language_code Sets the language code
Keyboard Attributes
Attribute Value Description accesskey character Sets a keyboard shortcut to access an element tabindex number Sets the tab order of an element
HTML Events
New to HTML 4.0 was the ability to let HTML events trigger actions in the browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on an HTML element. Below is a list of attributes that can be inserted into HTML tags to define event actions .
Window Events
Only valid in body and frameset elements
Attribute Value Description onload script Script to be run when a document loads onunload script Script to be run when a document unloads
Form Element Events
Only valid in form elements.
Attribute Value Description onchange script Script to be run when the element changes onsubmit script Script to be run when the form is submitted onreset script Script to be run when the form is reset onselect script Script to be run when the element is selected onblur script Script to be run when the element loses focus onfocus script Script to be run when the element gets focus
Keyboard Events
Not valid in base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, and title elements.
Attribute Value Description onkeydown script What to do when key is pressed onkeypress script What to do when key is pressed and released onkeyup script What to do when key is released
Mouse Events
Not valid in base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, and title elements.
Attribute Value Description onclick script What to do on a mouse click ondblclick script What to do on a mouse doubleclick onmousedown script What to do when mouse button is pressed onmousemove script What to do when mouse pointer moves onmouseover script What to do when mouse pointer moves over an element onmouseout script What to do when mouse pointer moves out of an element onmouseup script What to do when mouse button is released
Commands you can execute from the Run command prompt in XP:
Task Command Accessibility Controls access.cpl Add Hardware Wizard hdwwiz.cpl Add/Remove Programs appwiz.cpl Administrative Tools certmgr.msc Character Map charmap Check Disk Utility chkdsk Clipboard Viewer clipbrd Command Prompt cmd Component Services dcomcnfg Computer Management compmgmt.msc Date and Time Properties timedate.cpl DDE Shares ddeshare Device Manager devmgmt.msc Direct X Control Panel (If Installed) directx.cpl Direct X Troubleshooter dxdiag Disk Cleanup Utility cleanmgr Disk Defragment dfrg.msc Disk Management diskmgmt.msc Disk Partition Manager diskpart Display Properties control desktop Display Properties desk.cpl Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected) control color Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility drwtsn32 Driver Verifier Utility verifier Event Viewer eventvwr.msc File Signature Verification Tool sigverif Findfast findfast.cpl Folders Properties control folders Fonts control fonts Fonts Folder fonts Free Cell Card Game freecell Game Controllers joy.cpl Group Policy Editor (XP Prof) gpedit.msc Hearts Card Game mshearts Iexpress Wizard iexpress Indexing Service ciadv.msc Internet Properties inetcpl.cpl IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) ipconfig /all IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents) ipconfig /displaydns IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents) ipconfig /flushdns IP Configuration (Release All Connections) ipconfig /release IP Configuration (Renew All Connections) ipconfig /renew IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS) ipconfig /registerdns IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID) ipconfig /showclassid IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID) ipconfig /setclassid Java Control Panel (If Installed) javaws Keyboard Properties control keyboard Local Security Settings secpol.msc Local Users and Groups lusrmgr.msc Logs You Out Of Windows logoff Microsoft Chat winchat Minesweeper Game winmine Mouse Properties control mouse Mouse Properties main.cpl Netstat netstat Network Connections control netconnections Network Connections ncpa.cpl Network Setup Wizard netsetup.cpl Notepad notepad Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed) nvtuicpl.cpl Object Packager packager ODBC Data Source Administrator odbccp32.cpl On Screen Keyboard osk Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) ac3filter.cpl Password Properties password.cpl Performance Monitor perfmon.msc Performance Monitor perfmon Phone and Modem Options telephon.cpl Power Configuration powercfg.cpl Printers and Faxes control printers Printers Folder printers Private Character Editor eudcedit Quicktime (If Installed) QuickTime.cpl Regional Settings intl.cpl Registry Editor regedit Remote Desktop mstsc Removable Storage ntmsmgr.msc Removable Storage Operator Requests ntmsoprq.msc Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) rsop.msc Scanners and Cameras sticpl.cpl Scheduled Tasks control schedtasks Security Center wscui.cpl Services services.msc Shared Folders fsmgmt.msc Shuts Down Windows shutdown Sounds and Audio mmsys.cpl Spider Solitare Card Game spider SQL Client Configuration cliconfg System Configuration Editor sysedit System Configuration Utility msconfig System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately) sfc /scannow System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot) sfc /scanonce System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) sfc /scanboot System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting) sfc /revert System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache) sfc /purgecache System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x) sfc /cachesize=x System Properties sysdm.cpl Task Manager taskmgr Telnet Client telnet Traceroute tracert <hostname or IP> User Account Management nusrmgr.cpl User Account Management control userpasswords User Account Management control userpasswords2 Utility Manager utilman Windows Firewall firewall.cpl Windows Magnifier magnify Windows Management Infrastructure wmimgmt.msc Windows XP Registration Wizard regwiz /r Windows System Security Tool syskey Windows Update Launches wupdmgr Windows XP Tour Wizard tourstart Wordpad write
commands in xp can be shown using command prompt (like dos commands of old)
goto - click start - then programs - then accessories - then command prompt
enter help
command task ASSOC Displays or modifies file extension associations. AT Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer. ATTRIB Displays or changes file attributes. BREAK Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking. CACLS Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files. CALL Calls one batch program from another. CD Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHCP Displays or sets the active code page number. CHDIR Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHKDSK Checks a disk and displays a status report. CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time. CLS Clears the screen. CMD Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter. COLOR Sets the default console foreground and background colors. COMP Compares the contents of two files or sets of files. COMPACT Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions. CONVERT Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the current drive. COPY Copies one or more files to another location. DATE Displays or sets the date. DEL Deletes one or more files. DIR Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. DISKCOMP Compares the contents of two floppy disks. DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another. DOSKEY Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros. ECHO Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off. ENDLOCAL Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file. ERASE Deletes one or more files. EXIT Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter). FC Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences between them. FIND Searches for a text string in a file or files. FINDSTR Searches for strings in files. FOR Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files. FORMAT Formats a disk for use with Windows. FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations. GOTO Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a batch program. GRAFTABL Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode. HELP Provides Help information for Windows commands. IF Performs conditional processing in batch programs. LABEL Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk. MD Creates a directory. MKDIR Creates a directory. MODE Configures a system device. MORE Displays output one screen at a time. MOVE Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory. PATH Displays or sets a search path for executable files. PAUSE Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message. POPD Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD. PRINT Prints a text file. PROMPT Changes the Windows command prompt. PUSHD Saves the current directory then changes it. RD Removes a directory. RECOVER Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk. REM Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS. REN Renames a file or files. RENAME Renames a file or files. REPLACE Replaces files. RMDIR Removes a directory. SET Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables. SETLOCAL Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. SHIFT Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files. SORT Sorts input. START Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command. SUBST Associates a path with a drive letter. TIME Displays or sets the system time. TITLE Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session. TREE Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path. TYPE Displays the contents of a text file. VER Displays the Windows version. VERIFY Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a disk. VOL Displays a disk volume label and serial number. XCOPY Copies files and directory trees.
more on command line references or paramaters that can be send
Command-line tools must be run at the prompt of the Cmd.exe command interpreter.
To open Command Prompt, click Start, click Run, type cmd, and then click OK.
To view help at the command-line, at the command prompt, type the following:
type
help cmd
redirection and piping
you can use redirection to move contents of help to a file in current folder
example
help > cc3.txt
example
help > c:/cc5.txt
For more information on a specific command, type HELP command-name
example
help format
redirection and piping was very usefull - directs input or output elsewhere to files even heres a link that describes it more
Links 
To Yahoo.com
To Google
www.ciamarra.com
La Fontana Ristorante
Some Funny Christmas Images
To get your ip address
Email me if you have any questions at
clemente@ciamarra.com
i do not warrant the correctness of contents ON this webpage. The risk from using it lies entirely with the user.